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- <text id=93HT0390>
- <link 89TT1968>
- <title>
- 1970s: Pakistan Splits
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1970s Highlights
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- Pakistan Splits
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> [The decade's second largest--and shortest--war was also
- fought in Asia, between two of the world's largest, most densely
- populated and poorest states. The gulf between the two distant,
- ethnically dissimilar wings of Pakistan became unbridgeable when
- in 1970 the country's first-ever democratic elections resulted
- in a resounding victory for the Bengalis of the eastern wing and
- for their leader, Sheik Mujibur Rahman. He proceeded to
- legislate much greater autonomy for the two regions. The
- outgoing West Pakistani military regime refused to countenance
- what it saw as the breakup of Pakistan.
- </p>
- <p> The Pakistani army laid the Bengali countryside waste and
- killed thousands. To escape the violence, as many as ten million
- Bengalis became refugees across the border in India, placing an
- intolerable burden on that country's meager resources. India had
- to act in order to send the refugees back home.]
- </p>
- <p>(December 20, 1971)
- </p>
- <p> "Jai Bangla! Jai Bangla!" From the banks of the great Ganges
- and the broad Brahmaputra, from the emerald rice fields and
- mustard-colored hills of the countryside, from the countless
- squares of countless villages came the cry. "Victory to Bengal!
- Victory to Bengal!" They danced on the roofs of buses and
- marched down city streets singing their anthem Golden Bengal.
- They brought the green, red and gold banner of Bengal out of
- secret hiding places to flutter freely from buildings, while
- huge pictures of the imprisoned leader, Sheik Mujibur Rahman,
- sprang up overnight on trucks, houses and signposts. As Indian
- troops advanced first to Jessore, then to Comilla, then to the
- outskirts of the capital of Dacca, small children clambered over
- their trucks and Bengalis everywhere greeted the soldiers as
- liberators.
- </p>
- <p> Thus last week, amid a war that still raged on, the new nation
- of Bangladesh was born. So far only India and Bhutan have
- formally recognized it, but it ranks eighth among the world's
- 148 nations in terms of population (78 million), behind China,
- India, the Soviet Union, the U.S., Indonesia, Japan and Brazil.
- Its birth, moreover, may be followed by grave complications. In
- West Pakistan, a political upheaval is a foregone conclusion in
- the wake of defeat and dismemberment.
- </p>
- <p> The breakaway of Pakistan's eastern wing became a virtual
- certainty when the Islamabad government launched air strikes
- against at least eight Indian airfields two weeks ago.
- Responding in force, the Indian air force managed to wipe out
- the Pakistani air force in the East within two days, giving
- India control of the skies. In the Bay of Bengal and the Ganges
- delta region as well, the Indian navy was in unchallenged
- command. Its blockade of Chittagong and Chalna harbors cut off
- all reinforcements, supplies and chances of evacuation for the
- Pakistani forces, who found themselves far outnumbered (80,000
- v. India's 200,000) and trapped in an enclave more than 2,000
- miles from their home bases in the West.
- </p>
- <p>(December 27, 1971)
- </p>
- <p> Thirteen days after it began, the briefest but bitterest of
- the wars between India and Pakistan came to an end. The
- surrender also marked the end of the nine-month-old civil war
- between East and West Pakistan. Next day Pakistan's President
- Agha Mohammed Yahya Khan reluctantly accepted India's cease-fire
- on the western border. It was a complete and humiliating defeat.
- The war stripped Pakistan of more than half of its population
- and, with nearly one-third of its army in captivity, clearly
- established India's military dominance of the subcontinent.
- </p>
- <p> Considering the magnitude of the victory, New Delhi was
- surprisingly restrained in its reaction. Indian leaders seemed
- pleased by the relative ease with which they had accomplished
- their goals--the establishment of Bangladesh and the prospect
- of an early return to their homeland of the 10 million Bengali
- refugees who were the cause of the war. Announcing the surrender
- to the Indian Parliament, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared:
- "Dacca is now the free capital of a free country. We hail the
- people of Bangladesh in their hour of triumph. All nations who
- value the human spirit will recognize it as a significant
- milestone in man's quest for liberty."
- </p>
- <p> Islamabad, of course, was the principal loser in the outcome
- of the war. But there were two others as well. One was the
- United Nations. The Security Council last week groped
- desperately toward trying to achieve an international consensus
- on what to do about the struggle, and ended up with seven
- cease-fire resolutions that were never acted upon at all. The
- other loses was Washington, which had tried to bring about a
- political settlement, but from the New Delhi viewpoint--and
- to other observers as well--appeared wholeheartedly
- committed to the support of Pakistan's military dictatorship.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-